LDC-E2109 — A proposition where a value is required

For LLMs5 sections

What it means

A relation call is an assertion, not a value: it says something holds, but it yields nothing a computation can carry. Positions that need a value — a conditional guard, a match subject, an argument — cannot take a bare assertion. The compiler stops at the spot and asks for a real value expression.

Wrapping the assertion in an explicit status test, or moving it into the rule body and matching over a value, fixes it. There is no silent reading of an assertion as true.

Example

language "law.core" version "0.2";
package demo.diagnostics version "0.1.0";
namespace "urn:law:demo:diagnostics";

relation p(x: Text) kind evaluative;
relation m(x: Text, a: Money) kind empirical;
relation out(x: Text, a: Money) kind institutional;
rule R strict { for x: Text; for a: Money; for b: Money; when m(x, a) and m(x, b); then out(x, if p(x) then a else b); }

Fix

language "law.core" version "0.2";
package demo.diagnostics version "0.1.0";
namespace "urn:law:demo:diagnostics";

relation p(x: Text) kind evaluative;
relation m(x: Text, a: Money) kind empirical;
relation out(x: Text, a: Money) kind institutional;
rule R strict { for x: Text; for a: Money; for b: Money; when m(x, a) and m(x, b); then out(x, if established(p(x)) then a else b); }

Engine message

The engine reports this in its own wording:

example.law:8:99: error LDC-E2109: conditional-expression condition is a Boolean data expression (§56): "p" is a proposition, and there is no implicit §66 `established` in a data conditional; write the status test explicitly: `established(p(…))`, `supported(…)`, `not_known(…)`

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