LDC-E1350 — Two binders for one activation

What it means

A norm activates on one event: the activation formula binds at most one event variable, because a position has one bearer and one target window start. Two event variables occurring only in the activation would leave the engine choosing between them for the author, so the compiler stops at the rule.

The repair is to activate on one event and condition on the other: keep a single binder in the activation formula and read the second event through an ordinary premise. One bearer and one window, chosen by the text.

Example

Arxo Law

language "law.core" version "0.2";
package demo.diagnostics version "0.1.0";
namespace "urn:law:demo:diagnostics";

entity Tenant;
event Signed {
    tenant: Tenant;
}
event Delivered {
    tenant: Tenant;
}
relation trig(t: Tenant) kind empirical;
relation signed(t: Tenant, e: Signed) kind empirical;
relation delivered(t: Tenant, e: Delivered) kind empirical;
relation filed(t: Tenant) kind institutional;
rule R defeasible {
    for t: Tenant;
    for e1: Signed;
    for e2: Delivered;
    when trig(t);
    then duty D {
        bearer t;
        beneficiary t;
        activation signed(t, e1) and delivered(t, e2);
        achieve filed(t) during [@2026-01-01, infinity);
    };
}

Fix

Arxo Law

language "law.core" version "0.2";
package demo.diagnostics version "0.1.0";
namespace "urn:law:demo:diagnostics";

entity Tenant;
event Signed {
    tenant: Tenant;
}
relation trig(t: Tenant) kind empirical;
relation signed(t: Tenant, e: Signed) kind empirical;
relation filed(t: Tenant) kind institutional;
rule R defeasible {
    for t: Tenant;
    for e1: Signed;
    when trig(t);
    then duty D {
        bearer t;
        beneficiary t;
        activation signed(t, e1);
        achieve filed(t) during [@2026-01-01, infinity);
    };
}

Engine message

The engine reports this in its own wording:

Output

example.law:16:6: error LDC-E1350: R: norm activation formula "D" binds 2 variables of event [e1, e2] — at most one activation binder (§135.1, §133): a position has one bearer, and the target window start would be chosen by the engine for the author. A two-event norm is written with one bearer and a condition on the second

Related

• Duties — bearers, goals, and what activates them.
• Procedures — events and the histories they order.