Priority: corpus forms

Breakdown of real fragments: package identifier, human act name, form rating (exemplary / debatable / wrong form choice) and why.

OverviewBoundariesCorpus formsPitfalls

Law

1. Administrative Offences Code of Kazakhstan — edge grounded in lex specialis (exemplary)

Package kz.corpus.administrative_code (Administrative Offences Code of Kazakhstan), emergency vehicles and signals:

Arxo Law

priority Article607PartOneOverArticle599PartOne {
    label ru-KZ official "Состав железнодорожного переезда сильнее общего состава запрещающего сигнала";
    prefer Article607PartOneDisplacesArticle599PartOne over TrafficRulesProhibitingSignalClassifiedUnderArticle599PartOne;
    reason lex_specialis;
}

Exemplary: exactly one edge per declaration, the ground named explicitly, and the comment above in the file records the counterfactual — “without the edge the defeater would have given Contradiction”. The same ground — in the road-traffic duties file of the same package.

2. Administrative Offences Code of Kazakhstan, sanctions — series of edges of one special norm (exemplary)

Package kz.corpus.administrative_code (Administrative Offences Code of Kazakhstan), general sanctions:

Arxo Law

prefer Article44PartThreePercentageFineIsOutsidePartTwoLimits over Article44PartTwoPrivateIndividualFineLimitIsTwoHundredMRP;

Three more edges of the same special norm over other general limits (private individual, official, small and medium business). Exemplary: the second edge is written as a separate declaration, not a second prefer in the block (a repeat is LDC-E0201); each edge is pinpoint, limits the special norm does not touch stay comparable as before.

3. Geneva Convention III of 1949 — defeater without an edge (exemplary)

Package intl.ihl.geneva_1949 (Geneva Convention III of 1949, prisoners of war), status:

Arxo Law

rule TribunalDeterminationEndsPendingStatus(person: Person) defeater {
    label en official "Article 5 III: once a competent tribunal has determined the status, it is no longer pending";
    when tribunal_denied_pow_status(person);
    defeat status_pending_determination(person);
}

Exemplary: removing the interim status needs no priority — a defeater beats a defeasible candidate on its own. An edge would be needed only by a competing rule wishing to survive under this defeater.

International standards

4. ILO Convention No. 138 — contrary proviso instead of an edge (exemplary)

Package intl.labour.c138 (ILO Convention No. 138, minimum age), final provisions:

Arxo Law

unless convention_binding(s) and revising_convention_provides_otherwise();

Exemplary as a form choice: a refusal-exception inside its own rule is written as a clause, not as a separate “rule + priority” pair. The contrary form unless C then not A generates a defeasible rule with direct priority — enough when the exception knows only its own rule.

Measurement and form boundaries

5. Grounds by frequency

reason lex_specialis — 344, explicit_exception — 134, lex_superior — 23, lex_posterior — 4, constitutional_exception — 2. Conclusion: the later norm as a ground is almost unused by the corpus — later acts more often rewrite the norm than contest the earlier one by priority.

6. Conditional priority unused by the corpus (form boundary)

Conditional priority … when … — 0 packages; priority policy — 8 in 5 packages (act hierarchies). Rating: not a wrong choice but an unexercised form — source hierarchy is expressed by unconditional edges and policies, not by conditions on pairs of applications.

Teaching packages

7. This section’s examples (runs green)

Package research.priority.special_over_general — two defeasible rules + a lex_specialis edge: check OK, law test 2/2 (Refuted / Established). Package research.priority.no_priority_both — the same rules without the edge: check OK, law test 2/2 (Contradiction / Established). The pair fixes executably: the edge is the only difference between Refuted and Contradiction.

Measurements

priority … prefer A over B — 761 in 118 packages (a special norm over a general one, a refusal over a permission); defeat p(x) in a defeater — 606 in 78 (“the ground is gone”); bare unless F in a rule — 584 in 77 (a “except in cases…” proviso); unless F then not p(x) — in 26 packages (a refusal proviso); rule … defeater — 478 in 75; priority policy — 8 in 5 (an act hierarchy); conditional priority … when … — 0 packages (the corpus does not use conditional priority); except_when — 1 in 1 (deprecated; in corpus sources — only in comments).