Constraints: corpus forms

Breakdown of real fragments: package identifier, human act name, form rating (exemplary / debatable / wrong form choice) and why.

OverviewBoundariesCorpus formsPitfalls

Law and standards

1. IAS 37 — provision constraint (exemplary)

Package eu.ias.provisions (IAS 37, provisions), recognition of provisions:

Arxo Law

constraint Para14RequiresPresentObligation(x: Item) {
    when entity_recognised_provision(x);
    require present_obligation(x);
    severity error;
    message "paragraph 14 (a): a provision shall be recognised when ...";
}

Exemplary: a provision recognised in reporting without a present obligation is case incoherence, not a holder-bearing norm violation. message quotes the paragraph verbatim — the finding reads standalone, without consulting the source.

2. IAS 37 — series of three constraints (exemplary)

Same package: Para14RequiresProbableOutflow, Para14RequiresReliableEstimate — the three paragraph-14 conditions as three independent checks. Exemplary: every finding is addressable; one rule with a conjunction would give one indistinguishable refusal.

3. 1977 USSR Constitution on secession — parameterless constraint (debatable)

Package su.constitution_1977_secession (1977 USSR Constitution, secession):

Arxo Law

constraint Article010PropertyMisuseConstraint {

Without binders in the header (allowed: header and for are mutually exclusive). Debatable, not exemplary: grounding without positive binders risks leaving range restriction unsatisfied — the reader must verify where substitutions come from instead of reading them from the header.

Religion and custom

4. Faraid — heir-composition coherence (exemplary)

Package faraid.shares (Faraid inheritance shares, Islamic law), residue:

Arxo Law

constraint SonImpliesMaleDescendant(e: Estate, h: Heir) {
    when son(e, h);
    require has_male_descendant(e);
    severity error;
    message "объявлен сын, но наследующий потомок мужского пола не установлен ...";
}

Exemplary (the in-file comment directly forbids a rule: inference would make has_male_descendant inferable and break negation on it in the daughter and sister rules — the core has no negation-as-failure). The canonical “check, don’t infer” example for the whole section.

5. Warlpiri — marriage classes as a constraint (exemplary)

Package custom.warlpiri.kinship (Warlpiri kinship, Australian customary law) — constraint WrongSkinMarriageConstraint(h: Person, w: Person); avoidance law — constraint AvoidanceViolation. Exemplary: kinship taboo is case-composition incoherence, not a holder-and-window prohibition (a prohibition has a bearer and a window; here there are none — see the prohibitions page).

Science

6. Doctrine chemistry — capacities as constraints (exemplary)

Package chem.rules (doctrine chemistry rules) — constraint PauliOrbitalCapacity(o: Orbital, k: Integer); oxidation — constraint MainAtomCountPositive. Exemplary: laws of nature as coherence checks — they have no holder, and positions are not due to them.

Adjacent forms

7. only_if as constraint sugar (form boundary)

X only_if Y desugars to when X; require Y. Never infers Y: an author wanting inference writes an explicit rule. Rating: not a mistake but a reserved path — it occurs in the corpus as sugar, and every such case reads as a constraint, not as a rule.