Negation and truth statuses: corpus forms

Breakdown of real fragments: package identifier, human act name, form rating (exemplary / debatable / wrong form choice) and why.

OverviewBoundariesCorpus formsPitfalls

Law

1. Constitution of Türkiye, art. 65 — not_known as “counts as” (exemplary)

Package tr.constitution (Constitution of Türkiye):

Arxo Law

rule StateTaskObserved(polity: Polity, task: StateTask) defeasible {
    when turkish_state(polity);
    when constitutional_state_task(task);
    when not_known(state_task_failure(polity, task));
    then state_task_observed(polity, task);
}

Exemplary: “a state whose non-performance is not established counts as performing the task” — exactly the case not_known exists for. The rule is defeasible: the art. 65 carve-out hangs on a negative producer, not on the head (in-file comment: the compiler drops unless on a norm head, LDC-E1302).

2. Constitution of Denmark — negative constatation heads (exemplary)

Package dk.constitution (Constitution of Denmark):

Arxo Law

    then not folketing_has_quorum(body);

A refusal-norm form: an established counterexample fact (no quorum) gives negative support. Exemplary while the predicate has such a producer; without one, the same body in another’s rule would give eternal Not established, not refuted (see the pitfalls, item 1).

3. Irish duel code — not_known in customary law (exemplary)

Package ie.clonmel.code_duello (Code Duello, Irish duelling code):

Arxo Law

    when quarrel_recorded(q) and not_known(ground_taken(q));

The record’s silence (“grounds not taken”) as grounds for apology. Exemplary: a check stage, not an assertion of absence.

4. Constitution of Estonia — a not_known series on rights (exemplary)

Package ee.constitution (Constitution of Estonia):

Arxo Law

    when not_known(life_protection_by_law_denied(polity, subject));

The same device as in item 1: until negation of protection is established, the positive constatation holds. A series across the package (personal rights, courts, citizenship) — a stable form of the Estonian package.

Standard and science

5. Doctrine chemistry — solubility presumption next to negation (debatable)

Package chem.rules (doctrine chemistry rules) — the ChloridePresumedSoluble presumption (see the presumptions page). Debatable for this section: the solubility exceptions in the same package are read through not_known, while the completeness of the exception list is nowhere stated by closure — the reader cannot tell whether Not established, not refuted here means “soluble” or “not checked”.

Adjacent forms

6. Constitution of Türkiye, art. 14 — prohibition instead of negation (exemplary)

Package tr.constitution (Constitution of Türkiye) — a prohibition on abuse of rights (see the prohibitions page). Exemplary separation: prohibiting an activity is a prohibition, not a bare negation: a prohibition has a holder, a window, and a lifecycle; bare negation has only negative support.

7. Constitution of Kyrgyzstan — negative heads on justice (exemplary)

Package kg.constitution (Constitution of Kyrgyzstan), judiciary:

Arxo Law

    then not non_interference_with_justice_observed(person, subject);

A refusal-norm: interference with justice establishes the absence of observed non-interference. Exemplary with a producer; remaining as corpus debt is checking that readers of this predicate do not expect not where no producer exists (81 such places in 25 packages).

Measurements

then not p(x) — 2 515 in 271 packages (a refusal-norm: “not recognised”, “not subject to”, “not entitled”); not_known(P) in a body — 1 356 in 110 (“unless otherwise established”, presumptions, check stages); closure … { … } with complete_as_of — 647 in 139 (a registry, list, or act appendix as a complete list); derive_explicit_negative true — 577 in 126 (closures that actually generate negatives); no_evidence — 0 (never occurs).