Claim forms from the corpus

Updated 3 October 2026: concept, except_when, claim, definition … sufficient, and default strength have been removed, together with their special deprecation diagnostic. References below to the former behavior and corpus sources are historical. New source uses relation, unless, duty, a strict rule, and defeasible.

Analysis of real fragments: the package identifier, the act, the form verdict (exemplary / disputed / wrong form choice), and why.

OverviewBoundariesCorpus formsPitfalls

Law

1. Nuremberg Principles — the only use of then claim (exemplary)

Package un.ilc.nuremberg_principles — Nuremberg Principles (international law):

Arxo Law

@source(NP_PRINCIPLE_5)
rule RightToFairTrial(
    who: Person,
    organ: Authority,
    deed: Deed,
    opened: Date,
    closed: Date,
) strict {
    label en official "Principle V. Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law";
    when charged_by(who, organ, deed)
        and trial_window(deed, opened, closed);
    then claim FairTrial {
        holder who;
        against organ;
        goal achievement {
            condition fair_trial_afforded(who, deed);
            window [opened, closed];
        }
    };
}

Exemplary: all three view fields in place, cross-wired parties (holder — the accused becomes beneficiary, against — the tribunal becomes bearer), the window — the trial period. Lowering — to duty with the same hash. The source’s only correction: the record carries warning LDC-E1328 and migrates to duty in 0.2.

2. Kazakhstan Civil Code — a guardian’s power with valid_when (exemplary)

Package kz.corpus.civilcode — Civil Code of Kazakhstan:

Arxo Law

then power SovershatSdelkiOtImeniNedeesposobnogo {
    holder guardian;
    over ward;
    exercise guardian_concludes_transaction_for_incapacitated(guardian, transaction, ward);
    effect transaction_authorised_for_incapacitated_person(transaction);
    valid_when guardian_of(guardian, ward);
};

Exemplary: the “transact on another’s behalf” entitlement lowered to a power, not a duty (the guardian has no duty to transact — there is a power, and it is conditional). The rule body binds every head variable: guardian, ward, transaction — from three when premises.

3. US Tax Code — counterclaim power (exemplary)

Package us.irc.judicial_proceedings — US Internal Revenue Code, judicial proceedings:

Arxo Law

then power S7422eUnitedStatesCounterclaim {
    holder us.irc.core::Secretary;
    exercise us_counterclaim_or_intervention_filed_on(pr, n, on);
    valid_when counterclaim_within_stay_permitted(pr, n, on);
    effect counterclaim_or_intervention_allowed(pr, n);
};

Exemplary: the source’s “may counterclaim” is a power with an admissibility check in valid_when, not liberty (liberty needs a window, which the text does not name) and not a duty. The anchor carries relation attributes and a quote (relation = formalizes, coverage = exact, quote = "…").

Standard and regulation

4. EU Regulation 261/2004 — extraordinary circumstances as judgment (exemplary)

Package eu.transport.air_passenger_rights — EU air passenger rights:

Arxo Law

pub external judgment relation extraordinary_circumstances(f: Flight) {
    label en official "the cancellation was caused by extraordinary circumstances ...";
    authority Court;
}

An adjacent illustration of the claim boundary: the package’s “right to compensation” is lowered not to claim but to the carrier’s duty and an exemption from it (carrier_exempt_from_compensation); the evaluative feature (“extraordinary circumstances”) went to the judgment channel, not into a claim condition. Exemplary: two different questions — two different mechanisms.

5. EU Charter — entitlement as an institutional fact (exemplary)

Package eu.charter_of_fundamental_rights — EU Charter of Fundamental Rights:

Arxo Law

relation social_security_entitlement_recognised(subject: Person) kind institutional {
    label en official "the entitlement to social security benefits and social services is recognised and respected by the Union";
    ...
}

Exemplary for entitlement lowering: the source’s “entitlement” lowered to a constitutive institutional fact (recognition), not a duty — a programmatic provision has no obliged party with concrete content, and the comment in the file records it directly: “NO POSITION”. This is the “constitutive eligibility fact” lowering from the lowering list.

Religion

6. Quran, sura “Dominion” — liberties, not claims (exemplary)

Package quran.mulk — Quran, sura “Dominion”:

Arxo Law

rule Mlk13ConcealOrProclaimRule(p: Person) strict {
    when mlk_plural_addressed(p);
    then liberty Mlk13ConcealOrProclaim { holder p; action mlk_speech_concealed_or_proclaimed(p); window [@0001-01-01, infinity); };
}

Exemplary as a negative reference point: the “conceal or proclaim” permission is written as liberty with a window, not as a claim — the permission has no second party (against), and the correlative view does not apply here. A claim without against is not a claim.

Teaching packages

7. UAE lease — the neighbouring prohibition form (exemplary)

Package ae.corpus.civil_transactions.lease — UAE civil transactions, lease:

Arxo Law

then prohibition LenderNoEarlyReclaim {

The prohibition form lives when it matches the lawyer’s vocabulary (“is prohibited”) — the corpus uses prohibitions far more often than claim. Exemplary for the selection rule: the act’s vocabulary decides between forms; the semantics are one (lowering to duty with forbearance).