Executable knowledge model

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What is supported.What is computed.What needs a decision.

Explore one answer through five lenses: its sources, reasoning, duties, human decisions and result. Then change the evidence to see how the answer responds.

The example throughout is BCP 14, the IETF rule that gives MUST, SHOULD and MAY their meaning in RFCs (RFC 2119 with the RFC 8174 update). It is a standard, not the law of any state, and the same machinery runs laws, methodologies and textbooks.

Arxo executes the canon.

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One answer, cut openAtlas of groundsTwo supportsGrounds and fingerprint

One answer, cut open

Choose a question, read its answer, then select a lens to highlight the relevant fields in the recorded document. The five lenses describe dimensions of the same answer.

Question

SHOULD, implementation deviates Is ignoring the recommended item justified?MUST, behaviour deviates Which positions arise, and in what state?Lowercase "must", earlier reading selected Does the key word carry its defined meaning?

1Grounds and sourcesWhat the answer rests onThe pinned sources and editions named in the manifest, the assertions supplied by the case, and how the edition in force was resolved. A source anchor states a relationship to text; it does not certify the formalization.manifestassertionsource_resolutionsourceAnchors2InferenceSupport for and againstEach claim carries two independent supports: one for it and one against it. Rules that fired, rules that were defeated and conflicts that remain are kept, so the outcome can be traced instead of trusted.truthStatusconflictsrule_applicationdefeatcandidate_closure3NormsDuties and their state in timeA key word such as MUST creates a duty for a role: here, the implementation that claims conformance. The duty has its own status at each moment: created, active, violated, satisfied.normativeStatusnormativeStatusSupportstriggerStatuspositionsnorm_creation4Readings and peopleWhat a person must decideWhich reading of the source was selected, and which question the model leaves to a named authority. A SHOULD may be ignored for a valid reason, and the model names the implementor as the one who says whether the reason is valid.judgmentRequestsinterpretation_selectionjudgmentapplicabilityStatus5The answerWhat the application acts onThe kind of result, whether the evaluation could be completed, the root of the proof, and the fingerprints that identify this exact result. An application branches on these fields, not on a single colour.evaluationStatusresultKindproofresultHashproofHash

Marked fields belong to the chosen lens. Some fields belong to two lenses: a waiting decision is both a person’s question and the state of the answer.

Answer at a glance

Evaluation

A person must decideREQUIRES_JUDGMENT

Support

No support for or againstNEITHER

Result type

ClaimPROPOSITION

Evaluation documentrecorded

Scroll inside the document to inspect every field. Coloured fields belong to your selected lens.

{
  "conflicts": [],
  "issues": [],
  "manifest": {
    "artifactHash": "sha256:3136185c24cfd4270431515daed107fd8aafc4b4e9e9e09dc7d2809a1d2c5879",
    "calendarSnapshot": "",
    "caseHash": "sha256:cb49313590d5f5a2a47f434efe26480e3a210a15bd2fd74efca39211dbb9e1b4",
    "decisionTime": "2026-08-30T12:00:00Z",
    "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "externalSnapshots": {},
    "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
    "interpretations": [],
    "knowledgeTime": "2026-08-30T12:00:00Z",
    "legalTime": "2026-08-30",
    "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "mode": "audit",
    "policies": {},
    "programHash": "sha256:b7992feb6285af917051eba4b13846eadae6853749268ea6c3292d3ae4a13dc5",
    "resolvedEditions": {
      "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC8174_UPDATES_RFC2119": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC2119_EN"
    },
    "semanticHash": "sha256:e09c306ca716ee1b3b3a6791d279115c31c519a1e16945f99c223f78bd3b14af",
    "semantics": "law.core/0.2.7",
    "theoryHash": "sha256:b7992feb6285af917051eba4b13846eadae6853749268ea6c3292d3ae4a13dc5",
    "timezone": "UTC"
  },
  "positions": [
    {
      "createdBy": "urn:proof:norm:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:748aded78677120ae58fa105092589b70331084db0fc76e342a231ae4c224138",
      "holder": "urn:case:impl:server",
      "id": "urn:position:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:8553525459fcdd8fa49a71bc52c897d285ece9bf141ce3b5d14646b8651bab5c",
      "manifest": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "modality": "duty",
      "payload": {
        "bearer": {
          "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
          "kind": "entity_ref"
        },
        "goal": {
          "condition": {
            "formula": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#requirement_satisfied"
            },
            "kind": "status",
            "status": "established"
          },
          "kind": "maintenance",
          "window": {
            "end": {
              "kind": "value",
              "type": {
                "name": "urn:law:std#Text"
              },
              "value": "infinity"
            },
            "endInclusive": false,
            "kind": "interval",
            "start": {
              "kind": "value",
              "type": {
                "name": "urn:law:std#Date"
              },
              "value": "1997-03-01"
            },
            "startInclusive": true
          }
        },
        "kind": "duty"
      },
      "proof": "urn:proof:norm:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:748aded78677120ae58fa105092589b70331084db0fc76e342a231ae4c224138",
      "status": "ACTIVE",
      "statusHistory": [],
      "template": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#FollowRecommendation"
    }
  ],
  "proofGraph": {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "attributes": {
          "assertion": "urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-a"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#adopted_bcp14"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-a",
        "kind": "assertion",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "assertion": "urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-b"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#stated_in"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-b",
        "kind": "assertion",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "assertion": "urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-c"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#claims_conformance"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-c",
        "kind": "assertion",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {},
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#subject_to"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:apply:ConformanceClaimBindsToTheRequirementsOfTheDocument:2d75091c17161bff0c8c4a6a9a9faf98e1278cc2a93d41cd45d47fa1ad893db2",
        "kind": "rule_application",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-a",
          "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-b",
          "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-c"
        ],
        "rule": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#ConformanceClaimBindsToTheRequirementsOfTheDocument",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "substitution": {
          "v0": {
            "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          "v1": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          "v2": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        }
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "assertion": "urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-d"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Should",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#AllCapitals",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#keyword_written"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-d",
        "kind": "assertion",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "strength": "defeasible"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Should",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#keyword_used"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:apply:CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning:ed39d39ce0a3d90b6f427f99469a24c583880b0faa33490033de5e46d48ed39a",
        "kind": "rule_application",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#t4-d"
        ],
        "rule": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "substitution": {
          "v0": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          "v1": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Should",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        }
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "strength": "defeasible"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommended_item"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:apply:ShouldDenotesARecommendation:f66663198a8a27605119236cc81b0ab2803dd9719ae40f3af1bbc6eb08b81c0c",
        "kind": "rule_application",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning:ed39d39ce0a3d90b6f427f99469a24c583880b0faa33490033de5e46d48ed39a"
        ],
        "rule": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#ShouldDenotesARecommendation",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "substitution": {
          "v0": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        }
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "strength": "defeasible"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommendation_binding"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:apply:RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise:3dab88aadb42ffa5d64564a2b1bcfdfc9983dd36fd2927c7a6a08cd978fb1b95",
        "kind": "rule_application",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:ConformanceClaimBindsToTheRequirementsOfTheDocument:2d75091c17161bff0c8c4a6a9a9faf98e1278cc2a93d41cd45d47fa1ad893db2",
          "urn:proof:apply:ShouldDenotesARecommendation:f66663198a8a27605119236cc81b0ab2803dd9719ae40f3af1bbc6eb08b81c0c"
        ],
        "rule": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "substitution": {
          "v0": {
            "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          "v1": {
            "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        }
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "allApplicableCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise:3dab88aadb42ffa5d64564a2b1bcfdfc9983dd36fd2927c7a6a08cd978fb1b95"
          ],
          "conflictKey": "{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:case:impl:server\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"predicate\":\"urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommendation_binding\"}",
          "evaluationInputSemanticHash": "sha256:cb49313590d5f5a2a47f434efe26480e3a210a15bd2fd74efca39211dbb9e1b4",
          "priorityGraphHash": "sha256:1dee0577349865009b7a8afeabcabaaf0a19b58c603d735d7ba90d979ca66ca0",
          "programSemanticHash": "sha256:b7992feb6285af917051eba4b13846eadae6853749268ea6c3292d3ae4a13dc5",
          "stratum": 2,
          "survivingCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise:3dab88aadb42ffa5d64564a2b1bcfdfc9983dd36fd2927c7a6a08cd978fb1b95"
          ]
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommendation_binding"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:closure:0d1822c07a1303c704092f5a750b20af25b792dad7af1206c9cb271f5a5195e2",
        "kind": "candidate_closure",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise:3dab88aadb42ffa5d64564a2b1bcfdfc9983dd36fd2927c7a6a08cd978fb1b95"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "allApplicableCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:ShouldDenotesARecommendation:f66663198a8a27605119236cc81b0ab2803dd9719ae40f3af1bbc6eb08b81c0c"
          ],
          "conflictKey": "{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"predicate\":\"urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommended_item\"}",
          "evaluationInputSemanticHash": "sha256:cb49313590d5f5a2a47f434efe26480e3a210a15bd2fd74efca39211dbb9e1b4",
          "priorityGraphHash": "sha256:1dee0577349865009b7a8afeabcabaaf0a19b58c603d735d7ba90d979ca66ca0",
          "programSemanticHash": "sha256:b7992feb6285af917051eba4b13846eadae6853749268ea6c3292d3ae4a13dc5",
          "stratum": 1,
          "survivingCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:ShouldDenotesARecommendation:f66663198a8a27605119236cc81b0ab2803dd9719ae40f3af1bbc6eb08b81c0c"
          ]
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#recommended_item"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:closure:73867ad0141e7a69abb520fe70a49fb8dc4397f3efcee51b1112229320962957",
        "kind": "candidate_closure",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:ShouldDenotesARecommendation:f66663198a8a27605119236cc81b0ab2803dd9719ae40f3af1bbc6eb08b81c0c"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "allApplicableCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning:ed39d39ce0a3d90b6f427f99469a24c583880b0faa33490033de5e46d48ed39a"
          ],
          "conflictKey": "{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Should\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"predicate\":\"urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#keyword_used\"}",
          "evaluationInputSemanticHash": "sha256:cb49313590d5f5a2a47f434efe26480e3a210a15bd2fd74efca39211dbb9e1b4",
          "priorityGraphHash": "sha256:1dee0577349865009b7a8afeabcabaaf0a19b58c603d735d7ba90d979ca66ca0",
          "programSemanticHash": "sha256:b7992feb6285af917051eba4b13846eadae6853749268ea6c3292d3ae4a13dc5",
          "stratum": 0,
          "survivingCandidateIds": [
            "urn:proof:apply:CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning:ed39d39ce0a3d90b6f427f99469a24c583880b0faa33490033de5e46d48ed39a"
          ]
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Should",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#keyword_used"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:closure:b8debeb06ce31e410d832ec193451c8a7bb757d5f787c1a451feb7ac96739677",
        "kind": "candidate_closure",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:CapitalisedKeywordCarriesTheDefinedMeaning:ed39d39ce0a3d90b6f427f99469a24c583880b0faa33490033de5e46d48ed39a"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {},
        "conclusion": {
          "authority": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Implementor",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#valid_reason_to_ignore"
          }
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:judgment:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified:bb7627ee11947fea48a6121f97576ce357f4f7e14df1cdf5104e2071dea7f8f6",
        "kind": "judgment",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "rule": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty",
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "position": "urn:position:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:8553525459fcdd8fa49a71bc52c897d285ece9bf141ce3b5d14646b8651bab5c",
          "template": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#FollowRecommendation"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:norm:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:748aded78677120ae58fa105092589b70331084db0fc76e342a231ae4c224138",
        "kind": "norm_creation",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:apply:RecommendationBindsUnlessJustifiedOtherwise:3dab88aadb42ffa5d64564a2b1bcfdfc9983dd36fd2927c7a6a08cd978fb1b95"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "owner": "urn:proof:norm:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:748aded78677120ae58fa105092589b70331084db0fc76e342a231ae4c224138",
          "status": "ACTIVE"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:position:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:8553525459fcdd8fa49a71bc52c897d285ece9bf141ce3b5d14646b8651bab5c",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:law:std#active"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:norm-status:7c2accf1185f50dd3213478ce3f80e5bb8a68a9a50460382a18ceee5a1e0ccf9",
        "kind": "norm_status_transition",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:norm:urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RecommendationCreatesADefeasibleDuty:748aded78677120ae58fa105092589b70331084db0fc76e342a231ae4c224138"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {},
        "conclusion": {
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#deviation_from_recommendation_justified"
          },
          "truthStatus": "NEITHER"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:query:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified",
        "kind": "query_evaluation",
        "premises": [
          "urn:proof:judgment:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified:bb7627ee11947fea48a6121f97576ce357f4f7e14df1cdf5104e2071dea7f8f6"
        ],
        "sourceAnchors": []
      },
      {
        "attributes": {
          "contentHash": "sha256:348d6f722c5d4a52fd4174eee9b35289508a73d1b698c447baca034b54c59bc1",
          "language": "en",
          "legalTime": "2026-08-30",
          "policy": "legal_time",
          "rejectedCandidates": [],
          "work": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC2119"
        },
        "conclusion": {
          "edition": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC2119_EN",
          "reference": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC8174_UPDATES_RFC2119"
        },
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:proof:source-resolution:c4f9d53bcf84611c49edc414e270cde4a139c6a5a92672e1d257d1650b289b3b",
        "kind": "source_resolution",
        "premises": [],
        "sourceAnchors": [
          "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#RFC8174_UPDATES_RFC2119"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "proofHash": "sha256:e343249934f7fcd3b6951115d43856c8f19cedc4c0d53cb6d75d290f8632a93e",
    "roots": [
      "urn:proof:query:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified"
    ]
  },
  "resultHash": "sha256:ecfb5eaa859ad06e56bac70704c7253df183118eb8765902a41523058851826d",
  "results": [
    {
      "conflicts": [],
      "evaluationStatus": "REQUIRES_JUDGMENT",
      "evidence": [],
      "id": "urn:result:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified",
      "judgmentRequests": [
        {
          "authority": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#Implementor",
          "id": "urn:judgment:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified:0",
          "predicate": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#valid_reason_to_ignore",
          "proof": "urn:proof:judgment:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified:bb7627ee11947fea48a6121f97576ce357f4f7e14df1cdf5104e2071dea7f8f6",
          "request": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:case:impl:server",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:ietf:rfc:9110#allow",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "polarity": "positive",
            "relation": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#valid_reason_to_ignore"
          }
        }
      ],
      "manifest": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "missingInputs": [],
      "normativeStatusSupports": [],
      "proof": "urn:proof:query:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified",
      "query": "urn:law:examples:ietf:bcp14-requirement-levels#case/ShouldJudgment/query/deviation-justified",
      "resultKind": "PROPOSITION",
      "sourceAnchors": [],
      "target": "urn:ietf:clir:bcp14#deviation_from_recommendation_justified",
      "truthStatus": "NEITHER"
    }
  ],
  "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.3"
}

Expand document view

Recorded with the Arxo command-line engine (law 0.1.8) on 9 October 2026 from the scenarios of the ietf.bcp14 package. The status fields of every recorded document are compared with the engine on this page each time the site is built.

Atlas of grounds

The same construction drawn as objects and the typed links between them. Pick a dimension of the answer at the top to light up the grounds it depends on, across every level.

SupporttruthStatusDuty statenormativeStatusEvaluationevaluationStatusHuman decisionsjudgmentRequestsFingerprintresultHash

On a small screen, scroll the diagram sideways to follow its links.

• supports
• defeats
• interprets
• creates a position
• is anchored in
• has the status
• waits for a decision

A diagram of the ietf.bcp14 package, drawn by hand from its rules. The live answers are computed in the next two sections.

Text description of the atlas

1. Grounds and sources

• RFC 2119, Section 1 MUST is absolute — source text pinned byte for byte from the RFC Editor.
• RFC 8174, Section 2 meaning in capitals — source text: the words have their meaning when written in capitals.
• RFC 2119, Abstract “often capitalized” — source text that the earlier reading relied on.
• Fact: MUST next to “Allow”, in capitals — assertion supplied by the case. It supports “Capitals carry the defined meaning”.
• Fact: the server deviates from it — assertion supplied by the case. It supports “Deviation fails the requirement”.

2. Inference

• Capitals carry the defined meaning — defeasible rule. It is anchored in “RFC 2119, Section 1 MUST is absolute”. It is anchored in “RFC 8174, Section 2 meaning in capitals”. It supports “MUST denotes an absolute requirement”. It supports “truthStatus support for / against”.
• Lowercase keeps its ordinary meaning — defeasible rule; supports the negation. It is anchored in “RFC 8174, Section 2 meaning in capitals”. It supports “truthStatus support for / against”.
• Earlier practice: lowercase binds too — defeasible rule, active under the earlier reading. It defeats “Lowercase keeps its ordinary meaning”.
• MUST denotes an absolute requirement — defeasible rule. It is anchored in “RFC 2119, Section 1 MUST is absolute”. It creates a position “Duty of the implementation”.
• Deviation fails the requirement — defeasible rule. It supports “Status of the duty on the date: violated”.

3. Norms

• Duty of the implementation — position: satisfy the absolute requirement, held by the implementation that claims conformance. It has the status “Status of the duty on the date: violated”.
• Status of the duty on the date: violated — temporal status of the position with its own support. It supports “normativeStatus state of the duty”.

4. Readings and people

• Reading: practice before RFC 8174 — named reading with a disputed status; selected by the case, never by default. It interprets “RFC 2119, Abstract “often capitalized””. It supports “Earlier practice: lowercase binds too”.
• Decision for the implementor — is there a valid reason to ignore a SHOULD item? The model names the implementor as the authority. It waits for a decision “evaluationStatus computed or waiting”. It supports “judgmentRequests who must decide”.

5. The answer

• truthStatus support for / against — answer dimension.
• normativeStatus state of the duty — answer dimension.
• evaluationStatus computed or waiting — answer dimension.
• judgmentRequests who must decide — answer dimension.
• resultHash result and proof — answer dimension.

Two supportslive

Does MUST carry its defined meaning next to the “Allow” requirement? Two sources speak about the same word. Switch them on and off: the engine on this page answers each time, and two lamps show what it found.

The published RFC text shows the word in capitals: MUSTA quoted copy shows the same word in lowercase: must

Accepted support for—

Accepted support against—

The lamps are independent. Removing the support for a claim does not switch on the support against it, and both may be lit at once.

Four states from two independent supports

	No support against	Support against
No support for	NEITHERneither supported nor opposed	FALSE_ONLYopposed, not supported
Support for	TRUE_ONLYsupported, not opposed	BOTHsupported and opposed

The engine’s explanation

—

Answer passport

Each field is read from the engine’s answer. A field that does not apply to this kind of question is absent, not filled with a made-up value.

result_kindkind of result

—

truth_statussupport

—

applicability_statusapplicability

—

trigger_statustrigger

—

evaluation_statusevaluation

—

normative_statusnormative state

—

judgment_requestsdecisions requested

—

proofproof root

—

A value field appears in answers to calculations; these questions ask about propositions, so the documents carry none. missingInputs is listed in the recorded document above.

Same support, different next step

Three answers can all say “neither supported nor opposed”. The evaluation status tells the application what to do about it.

NEITHER+COMPUTEDlive

Nothing on record

No source says how the word was written. The evaluation completed and found no support either way.

Next step: supply a record, or accept that the claim is not established.

NEITHER+MISSING_INPUTnot produced by BCP 14

An input was never supplied

This status appears when a calculation needs an input the caller must provide, such as a calendar for counting a deadline. BCP 14 counts nothing, so this package never produces it; the slot is shown empty rather than filled with an invented answer.

Next step: provide the named input and ask again.

NEITHER+REQUIRES_JUDGMENTlive

A person must decide

An implementation deviates from a SHOULD. Whether its reason is valid is a decision the model assigns to the implementor.

Next step: route the question to the named authority, then record the decision.

A decision table selects one outcome by its hit policy. For how the same question looks in DMN and here, see the DMN comparison.

Grounds and fingerprintlive

The proof graph of one answer, computed in this page: case assertions at the bottom, rule applications above them, defeats where one rule beats another, the selected reading, the resolved edition and the question at the top.

Show what is missing3D view

Nodes of the graph

Fingerprints

Package fingerprint, computed now by the engine in this pagelive

—

Case fingerprint of the recorded documentrecorded

—

Result fingerprint of the recorded documentrecorded

—

Proof fingerprint of the recorded documentrecorded

—

The case and result fingerprints cover the whole evaluation document of a pinned case, which this page does not build in the browser; they come from the recorded document above. The package fingerprint is computed here by the engine build bundled with this site, so it identifies that build’s view of the package. A fingerprint identifies a computational object. It does not certify that a reading is the right one.

Two descriptions of one model

The computational model describes a knowledge model as K = (S, V, R, A, D): what is stored and shipped. The five lenses describe what one answer contains. The two descriptions meet as follows.

In the model K	In one answer
S — sources and editions	Grounds and sources
V, R — vocabulary, rules, calculations, constraints	Inference
R with positions — duties, prohibitions, powers	Norms
A — applicability and open questions	Readings and people
D — pinned dependencies	The answer: its manifest names them

Put it to work

A canon builds the document an application needs from the inputs of a case, and checks a presented answer against the one it builds.

• PlaygroundWrite rules and scenarios and run them in your browser with the same engine.
• QuickstartAsk a question from TypeScript and read the answer it returns.
• Connect an assistantLet an AI agent ask a pinned canon through MCP and receive the same answer with its grounds.
• Generated modulePrint a TypeScript, Python or Go module from a canon. Answer and status without the proof document.