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Exempt from the sanction, keep the offence

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# Exempt from the sanction, keep the offence

## Intention

I want to exclude the sanction without destroying the qualification of the act.

## Incorrect form and why it stays silent

```text title="Incorrect form"
// Освобождение оформляют исключением из квалификации offence.
```

Exemption is addressed to the sanction, not to the offence. Fine becomes DEFEATED, but offence stays TRUE_ONLY.

## Correct form

```law
language "law.core" version "0.2";
package recipes.zh.r05 version "0.1.0";
namespace "urn:recipe:zh-violation:05";

entity Person;
relation enrolled(p: Person);
relation done(p: Person);
relation act(p: Person);
relation offence(p: Person);
relation exempt(p: Person);
rule Qualify strict { for p: Person; when act(p); then offence(p); }
rule Impose defeasible { for p: Person; when offence(p);
    then duty Fine { bearer p; achieve done(p) during [@2026-09-01, @2026-09-10]; };
    unless exempt(p);
}
```

## Frozen execution scene

| Facts and snapshot | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| ordinary sanction; 2026-09-05 | `positions()` | `position(Fine, ACTIVE);` |
| exemption; 2026-09-13 | `positions()` | `position(Fine, DEFEATED);` |
| offence kept; 2026-09-13 | `truth(offence(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")))` | `truth_status == TRUE_ONLY;` |
| proviso removed; 2026-09-05 | `positions()` | `position(Fine, ACTIVE);` |

```law
test "ordinary sanction active" {
    given {
        context {
            legal_time @2026-09-05;
            decision_time @2026-09-05T09:00:00+05:00;
            knowledge_time @2026-09-30T09:00:00+05:00;
            timezone "Asia/Almaty";
        }
        assert act(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p"));
    }
    evaluate positions();
    expect position(Fine, ACTIVE);
    expect evaluation_status == COMPUTED;
}
```

```law
test "exemption defeats sanction" {
    given {
        context {
            legal_time @2026-09-13;
            decision_time @2026-09-13T09:00:00+05:00;
            knowledge_time @2026-09-30T09:00:00+05:00;
            timezone "Asia/Almaty";
        }
        assert act(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")); assert exempt(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p"));
    }
    evaluate positions();
    expect position(Fine, DEFEATED);
    expect evaluation_status == COMPUTED;
}
```

```law
test "offence composition survives" {
    given {
        context {
            legal_time @2026-09-13;
            decision_time @2026-09-13T09:00:00+05:00;
            knowledge_time @2026-09-30T09:00:00+05:00;
            timezone "Asia/Almaty";
        }
        assert act(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")); assert exempt(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p"));
    }
    evaluate truth(offence(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")));
    expect truth_status == TRUE_ONLY;
    expect evaluation_status == COMPUTED;
}
```

```law
test "removed clause restores sanction" {
    given {
        context {
            legal_time @2026-09-05;
            decision_time @2026-09-05T09:00:00+05:00;
            knowledge_time @2026-09-30T09:00:00+05:00;
            timezone "Asia/Almaty";
        }
        assert act(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")); assert exempt(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p"));
    }
    evaluate positions();
    expect position(Fine, ACTIVE);
    expect evaluation_status == COMPUTED;
}
```

Qualify was made defeasible with `unless exempt(p)`: the qualification wrongly disappeared.

```law
test "exemption on composition removes offence" {
    given {
        context {
            legal_time @2026-09-13;
            decision_time @2026-09-13T09:00:00+05:00;
            knowledge_time @2026-09-30T09:00:00+05:00;
            timezone "Asia/Almaty";
        }
        assert act(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")); assert exempt(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p"));
    }
    evaluate truth(offence(entity_ref("urn:recipe:zh-violation:05:p")));
    expect truth_status == NEITHER;
    expect evaluation_status == COMPUTED;
}
```

```python
>>> import runpy
>>> check = runpy.run_path("docs/recipes/zh-violation/resources/check.py")
>>> check["check_variant"](https://github.com/arxohq/law/blob/master/docs/recipes/zh-violation/5)
'Ж5: контрфактуал подтверждён; lawc = lawref'
```

## Counterfactual

Diagnostic mutation `rule Impose defeasible` → `rule Impose strict`: LDC-E4110. Semantic differences are pinned as separate scenes.

## Boundary

A rule that excludes the offence itself is modelled differently. Here a direct defeater of the sanction is shown; the full liability layer is a separate concern.