# Negation and truth statuses: corpus forms

Breakdown of real fragments: package identifier, human act name, form rating
(exemplary / debatable / wrong form choice) and why.

## Law

### 1. Constitution of Türkiye, art. 65 — not_known as “counts as” (exemplary)

Package `tr.constitution` (Constitution of Türkiye):

```law
rule StateTaskObserved(polity: Polity, task: StateTask) defeasible {
    when turkish_state(polity);
    when constitutional_state_task(task);
    when not_known(state_task_failure(polity, task));
    then state_task_observed(polity, task);
}
```

Exemplary: “a state whose non-performance is not established counts as
performing the task” — exactly the case `not_known` exists for. The
rule is `defeasible`: the art. 65 carve-out hangs on a negative producer,
not on the head (in-file comment: the compiler drops `unless` on a norm
head, `LDC-E1302`).

### 2. Constitution of Denmark — negative constatation heads (exemplary)

Package `dk.constitution` (Constitution of Denmark):

```law
    then not folketing_has_quorum(body);
```

A refusal-norm form: an established counterexample fact (no quorum)
gives negative support. Exemplary while the predicate has such a producer;
without one, the same body in another’s rule would give eternal Not established, not refuted
(see the [pitfalls](/constructs/negation-and-status/pitfalls/), item 1).

### 3. Irish duel code — not_known in customary law (exemplary)

Package `ie.clonmel.code_duello` (Code Duello, Irish duelling code):

```law
    when quarrel_recorded(q) and not_known(ground_taken(q));
```

The record’s silence (“grounds not taken”) as grounds for apology.
Exemplary: a check stage, not an assertion of absence.

### 4. Constitution of Estonia — a not_known series on rights (exemplary)

Package `ee.constitution` (Constitution of Estonia):

```law
    when not_known(life_protection_by_law_denied(polity, subject));
```

The same device as in item 1: until negation of protection is established,
the positive constatation holds. A series across the package (personal
rights, courts, citizenship) — a stable form of the Estonian package.

## Standard and science

### 5. Doctrine chemistry — solubility presumption next to negation (debatable)

Package `chem.rules` (doctrine chemistry rules) — the
`ChloridePresumedSoluble` presumption (see the
[presumptions page](/constructs/presumption-fiction/)). Debatable for this
section: the solubility exceptions in the same package are read through
`not_known`, while the completeness of the exception list is nowhere stated
by closure — the reader cannot tell whether Not established, not refuted here means “soluble”
or “not checked”.

## Adjacent forms

### 6. Constitution of Türkiye, art. 14 — prohibition instead of negation (exemplary)

Package `tr.constitution` (Constitution of Türkiye) — a prohibition
on abuse of rights (see the [prohibitions page](/constructs/prohibition/)).
Exemplary separation: prohibiting an activity is a prohibition, not a bare
negation: a prohibition has a holder, a window, and a lifecycle;
bare negation has only negative support.

### 7. Constitution of Kyrgyzstan — negative heads on justice (exemplary)

Package `kg.constitution` (Constitution of Kyrgyzstan), judiciary:

```law
    then not non_interference_with_justice_observed(person, subject);
```

A refusal-norm: interference with justice establishes the absence of
observed non-interference. Exemplary with a producer; remaining as corpus
debt is checking that readers of this predicate do not expect `not` where
no producer exists (81 such places in 25 packages).

## Measurements

`then not p(x)` — 2 515 in 271 packages (a refusal-norm: “not recognised”,
“not subject to”, “not entitled”); `not_known(P)` in a body — 1 356 in 110
(“unless otherwise established”, presumptions, check stages);
`closure … { … }` with `complete_as_of` — 647 in 139 (a registry, list, or
act appendix as a complete list); `derive_explicit_negative true` — 577
in 126 (closures that actually generate negatives); `no_evidence` — 0
(never occurs).